The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) connect the jawbone to the skull. This joint functions as a hinge that controls the jaw when you talk, chew and yawn. When TMJ dysfunction occurs, patients may experience pain at the joint during movement. Common symptoms of TMJ dysfunction include pain when chewing and talking as well as headaches. It also can present with jaw locks and popping sounds when the mouth opens and closes.
TMJ problems can have many causes. These include injuries or teeth grinding. Those who suffer from stress may encounter muscle tightness. Arthritis can also cause structural issues and damage to the jaw joints. To decide the best course of treatment, doctors first examine the joint. They will use X-rays, MRI scans, and possibly a TMJ arthroscopy, in which a micro camera is inserted into the joint. Depending on the extent of the condition, there are several treatments available.
Medication:
Pain relievers and muscle relaxers can help to heal the joint.
Non-surgical treatments:
Oral splints and mouthguards can strengthen the joint. Patients may also opt for physical therapy and counseling to help them understand their condition better.
Minimally invasive treatment options:
- Arthrocentesis can remove any debris and fluids in the joint, which cause inflammation and pain using a needle.
- Corticosteroid injections help to lessen inflammation.
- Botox injections can also help to relax the muscles.
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) uses low-level electrical currents to relax the jaw muscle.
- Ultrasound and radio wave therapy both help improve blood circulation in the area to help with jaw movements.
Surgical treatments:
If none of the above treatments works, the last resort will be a surgical procedure. One of the procedures is called modified condylotomy. During this process, surgeons adjust the jawbone to increase the joint space so the jaw can move more freely.
The other option is open-joint surgery. This is a much riskier and invasive operation that completely replaces the joint. After the surgical procedure, patients will be bandaged up and have to take at least one week off work to recover and recuperate. As with most invasive procedures, TMJ surgery also comes with some risks. These can include facial nerve injury, damage to tissues and infections.
